Vacuum Tempering is almost always required after hardening, both in an atmosphere furnace as well as in vacuum, to reduce the hardness and brittleness of the treated material to a desirable level.
Generally, it is not necessary to use vacuum tempering after vacuum hardening, i.e., conventional tempering is most of the time used. Vacuum tempering may be used on high-value products when a totally clean surface appearance is required.
The expression “vacuum tempering” is used here to differentiate the process from “conventional tempering”.